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Stock Option Plans - Summary of Restricted Stock (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of unvested shares, Beginning of Period		350,000
Number of shares, Granted		318,875
Number of shares,Vested	(31,250)	(106,250)
Number of unvested shares, End of Period	562,625	562,625
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning of Period		$ 1.72
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted		0.54
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested		1.72
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, End of Period	$ 1.04	$ 1.04

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	(16) Commitments and Contingencies The Company is not a party to any litigation, and, to its best knowledge, no action, suit, or proceeding has been threatened against the Company which are expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

(16) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is not a party to any litigation, and, to its best knowledge, no action, suit, or proceeding has been threatened against the Company which are expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Stock Option Plans - Summary of Stock Options (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Number of Stock Options Outstanding, Beginning of Period		7,095,462
Number of Stock Options, Granted	0	2,911,750
Number of Stock Options, Forfeited		(40,409)
Number of Stock Options, Exercised		(8,000)
Number of Stock Options, Expired		(137,574)
Number of Stock Options Outstanding, End of Period	9,821,229	9,821,229	7,095,462
Options vested and exercisable, September 30, 2023	5,049,015	5,049,015
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning of Period		$ 1.99
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted		0.57
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Forfeited		1.99
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised		0.54
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Expired		2.06
Weighted Average Exercise Price, End of Period	$ 1.57	1.57	$ 1.99
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested and exercisable at September 30, 2023		$ 1.97
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years), Options outstanding		6 years 4 months 28 days	5 years 9 months 14 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years), Options vested and exercisable at September 30, 2023		3 years 9 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options outstanding	$ 437,894	$ 437,894	$ 109,891
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options vested and exercisable at September 30, 2023	$ 193,470	$ 193,470

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 21, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)				3 years 9 months 21 days	3 years 21 days
Private Placement [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance or sale of equity				$ 8,000,000
Placement agent fee, percentage of gross proceeds				7.00%
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues (in shares)				7,363,377
Equity offering, combined purchase price (in dollars per share)				$ 1.08
Equity offering, premium per share (in dollars per share)				0.125
PIPE Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in dollars per share)				$ 1.08
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)					7,363,377
Warrants Issued				7,363,377	7,363,377
Warrants and rights outstanding, fair value per share (in dollars per share)					$ 0.42
Warrants and rights outstanding					$ 3,100,000
Public Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)					1
Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)					5 years
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in dollars per share)					$ 11.5
Warrants or rights, redemption price (in dollars per share)					0.01
Warrants and rights outstanding, minimum share price to call (in dollars per share)					$ 18
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)					5,750,000
Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)				5 years
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in dollars per share)				$ 1.35
Warrants or right, issued, percentage of shares purchased				7.00%
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)					210,913
Warrants Issued				210,913	210,913
Warrants and rights outstanding, fair value per share (in dollars per share)					$ 0.39
Warrants and rights outstanding					$ 82,000
Ladenburg Agreement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)			3 years
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrants or rights (in dollars per share)			$ 0.5424			$ 0.5424
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)					300,000
Accrued liabilities					$ 1,100,000
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues (in shares)		1,916,894
Stock issued		$ 1,500,000	$ 500,000
Warrants Issued			300,000
Warrants and rights outstanding, fair value per share (in dollars per share)					$ 0.31
Warrants and rights outstanding					$ 93,000
Ladenburg Agreement Warrants [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Stock issued	$ 1,100,000
Additional Paid-In Capital [Member] \| PIPE Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding					2,200,000
Additional Paid-In Capital [Member] \| Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding					58,000
Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets fair value disclosure				$ 0	0
Liabilities fair value disclosure				0	0
Warrants and rights outstanding				320,930	417,102
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Public Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding				$ 310,500	$ 402,500
Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)					208,600

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

(8) Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued vacation	$	694,236	$	511,849
Accrued payroll		172,371		357,390
Accrued construction-in-progress		—		85,767
Accrued consulting		15,930		186,833
Accrued clinical trial expense		117,918		355,479
Accrued outside laboratory services		279,857		1,106,903
Accrued bonus & severance		—		950,324
Accrued contract manufacturing		—		25,129
Accrued legal		803,255		856,505
Accrued financing fees payable		2,910,500		4,910,500
Accrued franchise tax payable		30,000		50,000
Accrued interest		66,375		8,192
Other accrued expenses		210,000		513,110
	$	5,300,442	$	9,917,981

Earnings per share - Schedule of Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to the Company's shareholders	$ (5,102,317)	$ (7,076,068)	$ (19,337,023)	$ (10,866,209)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	52,406,002	43,030,885	51,084,636	43,042,379
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted	52,406,002	43,030,885	51,084,636	43,042,379
Net loss per share, basic	$ (0.1)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.38)	$ (0.25)
Net loss per share, diluted	$ (0.1)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.38)	$ (0.25)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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+ Details

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

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-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (d)
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-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1

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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.B)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-5

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 10
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-11

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 60B
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	$ 417,102	$ 320,930
Public Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	402,500	310,500
Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	14,602	10,430
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	402,500	310,500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Public Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	402,500	310,500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Public Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	14,602	10,430
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Public Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants, value	$ 14,602	$ 10,430

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				2 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 09, 2023	Oct. 03, 2023	Sep. 29, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized					490,000,000	490,000,000
Shares exercised during the period					8,000
Preferred stock, par value					$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred Tranche A Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable, description		The Preferred Tranche A Warrants are exercisable commencing on the Issuance Date (as defined in the Form of Preferred Tranche A Warrant) until the earlier of (i) fifteen (15) trading days following the date of public announcement of the fulsome data set from the Sanofi S.A. Protect trial and (ii) December 15, 2023. If any purchaser in the September 2023 Offering fails to exercise their Preferred Tranche A Warrant in full prior to its expiration date, such purchaser will forfeit all Preferred Tranche A Warrants, Preferred Tranche B Warrants and Preferred Tranche C Warrants issued to such purchaser.
Series A-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.63
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Series A-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.0001
Gross proceeds from private placement			$ 7,500
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Series A-2 Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.0001
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price				$ 67,100
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche A Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.0001
Aggregate exercise price			$ 70,500
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche A Warrants [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued				59,654
Shares exercised during the period				59,654
Aggregate exercise price				$ 59,700
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche B Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.0001
Aggregate exercise price			$ 52,000
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche C Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.0001
Aggregate exercise price			$ 130,000
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Series A-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued			7,500
Preferred stock, par value			$ 0.0001
Aggregate offering price			$ 7,500
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized		800,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Preferred Tranche B Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable, description		The Preferred Tranche B Warrants are exercisable commencing on the Exercisability Date (as defined in the Form of Preferred Tranche B Warrant) until the later of (i) 15 days following the Company’s announcement of data from its SAB-142-101 clinical trial and (ii) March 31, 2025.
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Preferred Tranche C Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable, description		The Preferred Tranche C Warrants are exercisable commencing on the Exercisability Date (as defined in the Form of Preferred Tranche C Warrant) until the five (5) year anniversary of the Exercisability Date.
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche A Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares exercised during the period	16,269
Unexercised warrants	27,115
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche B Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares exercised during the period	10,846
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Preferred Tranche C Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares exercised during the period	27,115
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Series A-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued	59,654	7,500
Aggregate exercise price	$ 59,650
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Series A-3 Preferred Stock [Member] \| Preferred Tranche B Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Outstanding warrants	42,846
Aggregate exercise price	$ 42,850
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Series A-3 Preferred Stock [Member] \| Preferred Tranche C Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Outstanding warrants	107,115
Aggregate exercise price	$ 107,100

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

(7) Leases

The Company has an operating lease for lab space from Sanford Health, under a lease that started in June 2014 and initially ended in June 2019, at which time the lease was extended through August 2024. This lease can be terminated with one-year advance written notice. This lease was amended again in October 2022 to reduce the Company’s leased area to 21,014 square feet. Additionally, pursuant to the amendment in October 2022, the Company and Sanford Health agreed for the period of October 2022 to September 2023, the Company’s obligation to pay the Annual Rent shall be abated and not required to be paid when normally due (the “Abated Rent”). In exchange for the Abated Rent, effective October 1, 2022, the Company issued Sanford Health an 8% unsecured, convertible promissory note (see Note 9, Notes Payable for further discussion). The October 2022 amendment was accounted for as a lease modification under ASC 842 - Leases and the right-of-use asset and lease liability were remeasured at the modification date of October 1, 2022. The October 2022 lease amendment reduced the lease payment to approximately $45 thousand per month for the remainder of 2023 and approximately $46 thousand per month through 2024. The lease does not provide an implicit rate, and, therefore, the Company used an IBR of 6.92% as the discount rate when measuring the operating lease liability. The operating lease does not include an option to extend beyond the life of the current term. The Company estimated the IBR based upon comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings and the credit quality of the Company.

The Company entered into a lease for office, laboratory, and warehouse space in November 2020, which was amended in July 2022 to add additional administrative and lab space. This amended lease has a 3-year term, with options to extend for 3 additional periods of 3 years each. The options were not included in the right of use calculation as it is unclear as to whether or not the location will meet the Company’s requirements beyond the next three years. The July 2022 amendment was accounted for as a separate contract under ASC 842 – Leases. The lease costs are $36 thousand and $3 thousand per month for the original leased space on November 2020 and the amendment on July 2022, respectively. The Company used an IBR of 4.69% and 6.60% as the discount rate when measuring the operating lease liability for the original leased space on November 2022 and the amended on July 2022, respectively. The Company estimated the IBR based upon comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings and the credit quality of the Company.

The Company has the following finance leases:

•

In December 2018, the Company entered into a finance lease with Dakota Ag Properties for a new animal facility which includes the surrounding land. The facility and the land have been accounted for as separate lease components. The lease is based upon payback of $4 million in construction costs, with a 20-year term at an interest rate of 8%. The monthly payment for this lease is $33.5 thousand. The Company has the option to purchase the asset at any time during the term of the lease for the balance of the unamortized lease payments.

•

In December 2018, the Company entered into an equipment lease for a 12,000-gallon propane tank that is located on the Company’s animal facility. The lease is for five years, with an annual payment of $8 thousand. The Company has the option to purchase the asset at any time during the term of the lease for the balance of the unamortized lease payments.

The lease agreements do not require material variable lease payments, residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

The amortizable lives of the operating lease assets are limited by their expected lease terms. The amortizable lives of the finance lease assets are limited by their expected lives, as the Company intends to exercise the purchase options at the end of the leases. The following is the estimated useful lives of the finance lease assets:


Animal Facility	40 years
Equipment	3–7 years
Land	Indefinite

The Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2023 are:


	Operating			Finance
Weighted-average remaining lease term	0.85			15.17
Weighted-average discount rate		6.77	%		7.72	%

The table below reconciles the undiscounted future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases with terms of more than one year to the total lease liabilities recognized on the condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2023:


	Operating			Finance
2023 - remaining	$	174,721		$	100,374
2024		368,320			401,496
2025		—			401,496
2026		—			401,496
2027		—			401,496
Thereafter		—			4,382,998
Undiscounted future minimum lease payments		543,041			6,089,356
Less: Amount representing interest payments		(14,263	)		(2,507,425	)
Total lease liabilities		528,778			3,581,931
Less current portion		(528,778	)		(129,489	)
Noncurrent lease liabilities	$	—		$	3,452,442

Operating lease expense was approximately $246 thousand and $304 thousand, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $738 thousand and $889 thousand, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Operating lease costs are included within research and development expenses on the condensed statements of operations.

Finance lease costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included approximately $22 thousand and $25 thousand, respectively, in right-of-use asset amortization and approximately $70 thousand and $71 thousand, respectively, of interest expense. Finance lease costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included approximately $70 thousand and $98 thousand, respectively, in right-of-use asset amortization and approximately $210 thousand and $214 thousand, respectively, of interest expense. Finance lease costs are included within research and development expenses on the condensed statements of operations.

Cash payments under operating and finance leases were approximately $118 thousand and $100 thousand, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Cash payments under operating and finance leases were approximately $354 thousand and $306 thousand, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Cash payments under operating and finance leases were approximately $309 thousand and $103 thousand, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Cash payments under operating and finance leases were approximately $930 thousand and $334 thousand, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Short-term lease expense recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was not material.

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Key Inputs into Monte Carlo Simulation (Details)

Sep. 30, 2023

$ / shares

Mar. 21, 2023

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2022

$ / shares

Dec. 07, 2022

$ / shares

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)

3 years 21 days

3 years 9 months 21 days

PIPE Private Placement Warrant and PIPE Placement Agent Warrant [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)

5 years

Ladenburg Agreement [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants and rights outstanding, term (year)

3 years

Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.0479

0.04

Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | PIPE Private Placement Warrant and PIPE Placement Agent Warrant [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.0362

Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | Ladenburg Agreement [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.0398

Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.97

0.82

Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member] | PIPE Private Placement Warrant and PIPE Placement Agent Warrant [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.89

Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member] | Ladenburg Agreement [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.94

Measurement Input, Share Price [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.63

0.59

Measurement Input, Share Price [Member] | PIPE Private Placement Warrant and PIPE Placement Agent Warrant [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

^[1]

0.66

Measurement Input, Share Price [Member] | Ladenburg Agreement [Member]

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Warrants, outstanding inputs

0.52

[1]

(1) As the underlying shares are restricted from sale for a period of 180 days from the date of the 2022 Private Placement, the fair value of the warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses several inputs, including market price of the Company’s common shares at the end of each reporting period (a level one input), less a discount for lack of marketability (a level two input). The discount for lack of marketability was estimated upon consideration of volatility and the length of the lock-up period.

Nature of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business

(1) Nature of Business

SAB Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“SAB” or “SAB Biotherapeutics”, and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of a portfolio of products from its proprietary immunotherapy platform to produce fully targeted human polyclonal antibodies, without using human plasma or serum. SAB’s novel DiversitAb platform enables the rapid production of large amounts of targeted human polyclonal antibodies, leveraging transchromosomic cattle (Tc Bovine™) that have been genetically designed to produce human antibodies (immunoglobulin G) rather than bovine in response to an antigen. Animal antibodies have been made in rabbits, sheep and horses. However, SAB’s platform is the first to produce fully human antibodies in large animals.

Australian Research and Development Tax Credit

In June 2023, the Company formed a new subsidiary in Australia, SAB BIO PTY LTD, a proprietary limited company (“SAB Australia”), primarily to conduct preclinical and clinical activities for product candidates. SAB Australia’s research and development activities qualify for the Australian government’s tax credit program, which provides a 43.5% credit for qualifying research and development expenses. The Company expects to commence a Phase 1 trial in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Liquidity

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Company has experienced net losses, negative cash flows from operations and, as of September 30, 2023, had an accumulated deficit of $67.2 million. The Company anticipates to continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future and expects the losses to increase as the Company continues the development of, or seeks regulatory approvals for product candidates, and begins commercialization of products. As a result, the Company will require additional capital to fund operations in order to support long-term plans.

On September 29, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain accredited investors (the “September 2023 Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell shares of preferred stock and warrants, in a private placement which provides for up to $110 million in proceeds across multiple tranches. Between October 2023 and November 2023, the Company received an aggregate of approximately $67.1 million for shares of preferred stock issued in this private placement offering. See Note 17, Subsequent Events for further information about the private placement offering.

The Company will need to raise additional capital to fund its operations, to continue to execute its strategy and to continue as a going concern. The Company plans to seek additional funding through a combination of equity or debt financings, or other third-party financing, collaborative or other funding arrangements. Should the Company seek additional financing from outside sources, the Company may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to the Company or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, the Company may be required to scale back or discontinue the advancement of product candidates, reduce headcount, liquidate assets, file for bankruptcy, reorganize, merge with another entity, or cease operations.

Stock Option Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option Plans

(11) Stock Option Plans

On August 5, 2014, the Company approved a stock option grant plan (the “2014 Equity Incentive Plan”) for employees, directors, and non-employee consultants, which provides for the issuance of options to purchase common stock. As of September 30, 2023 there

were 7,334,036 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, with 3,237,007 shares of common stock available for grant and 4,097,029 shares of common stock underlying outstanding grants.

The Company adopted the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Equity Incentive Plan”, and collectively with the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, the “Equity Compensation Plans”), which reserved 11,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance. At of the beginning of each calendar year, the shares reserved for future issuance shall increase by two percent (2%) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. As of September 30, 2023 there were 12,877,631 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, with 6,484,556 shares of common stock available for grant and 6,393,075 shares of common stock underlying outstanding grants.

The expected term of the stock options was estimated using the “simplified” method, as defined by the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment. The volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peer companies, as the Company does not have sufficient trading history for its common stock. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of the options. The dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has never paid dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the Company has assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of the options.

Stock Options

Stock option activity for employees and non-employees under the Equity Compensation Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding options, December 31, 2022		7,095,462		$	1.99		5.79	$	109,891
Granted		2,911,750		$	0.57
Forfeited		(40,409	)	$	1.99
Exercised		(8,000	)	$	0.54
Expired		(137,574	)	$	2.06
Outstanding options, September 30, 2023		9,821,229		$	1.57		6.41	$	437,894
Options vested and exercisable, September 30, 2023		5,049,015		$	1.97		3.75	$	193,470

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options as of September 30, 2023 was approximately $3.6 million and is expected to be recognized within future operating results over a weighted-average period of 3.14 years.

No options were granted during three months ended September 30, 2023 and the weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.57 per share . During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, 619,104 and 108,611 options vested, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was $0.41 per share and $0.78 per share, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, 924,715 and 314,380 options vested, respectively.

The estimated fair value of stock options granted to employees and consultants during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using the following assumptions:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022			2023			2022
Expected volatility	*	97.4		%	80.2 - 81.9		%	78.0 - 97.4		%
Weighted-average volatility	*		97.4	%		81.7	%		94.1	%
Expected dividends	*	—		%	—		%	—		%
Expected term (in years)	*	5.77 - 6.08			5.77 - 6.08			5.50 - 6.08
Risk-free rate	*	3.55 - 3.56		%	3.50 - 3.90		%	1.38 - 3.56		%

* No options were granted during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Restricted Stock

Stock award activity for employees and non-employees under the Equity Compensation Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Number of shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2022		350,000		$	1.72
Granted		318,875		$	0.54
Vested		(106,250	)	$	1.72
Unvested as of September 30, 2023		562,625		$	1.04

At September 30, 2023, the Company had an aggregate of $551,650 of unrecognized equity-based compensation related to restricted stock units outstanding. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, 31,250 shares with a fair value of $44,325 vested. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 106,250 shares with a fair value of $186,075 vested. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 106,250 restricted stock units vested but not issued. The unrecognized expense for restricted stock units is expected to be recognized within future operating results over a weighted average period of 3.11 years.

Stock-based compensation expense

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	155,596	$	165,607	$	469,821	$	683,646
General and administrative		483,650		412,596		1,417,020		1,362,018
Total	$	639,246	$	578,203	$	1,886,841	$	2,045,664

Nature of Business - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		2 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 29, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accumulated deficit			$ 67,206,778	$ 47,869,755
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Aggregate offering price		$ 67,100,000
Maximum [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Private Placement [Member]
Gross proceeds from private placement	$ 110,000,000
SAB BIO PTY LTD [Member] \| Australia [Member]
Percentage of research and development tax credit			43.50%

Earnings per share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per share

(5) Earnings per share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Calculation of basic and diluted loss per share attributable to the Company’s shareholders
Net loss attributable to the Company’s shareholders	$	(5,102,317	)	$	(7,076,068	)	$	(19,337,023	)	$	(10,866,209	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted		52,406,002			43,030,885			51,084,636			43,042,379
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.25	)

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options, restricted stock awards, common stock warrants, earnout shares, and contingently issuable earnout shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Stock options and awards		704,231		1,004,845		652,111		2,181,361
Convertible Debt		389,904		—		389,904		—
Common Stock Warrants (1)		13,832,890		5,958,600		13,832,890		5,958,600
Earnout Shares (2)		10,491,937		10,491,937		10,491,937		10,491,937
Contingently issuable Earnout Shares from unexercised Rollover Options		1,508,063		1,508,063		1,508,063		1,508,063
Total		26,927,025		18,963,445		26,874,905		20,139,961

(1)

Included in Common Stock Warrants are the 5,750,000 publicly-traded warrants (the “Public Warrants”), 208,600 warrants held by assignees of Big Cypress Holdings, LLC (the “Private Placement Warrants”), 300,000 warrants held by Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (the “Ladenburg Warrants”), 7,363,377 warrants issued to the investors in the December Private Placement (the “the PIPE Warrants”), and 210,913 warrants issued to the placement agent in the December Private Placement (the “PIPE Placement Agent Warrants”). See Note 12, Fair Value Measurements for further details on the Company’s outstanding warrants.

(2)

As the Earnout Shares are subject to certain vesting requirements not satisfied as of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Earnout Shares held in escrow are excluded from calculating both basic and diluted earnings per share. See Note 10, Stockholders Equity for further details on the Company’s outstanding equity instruments.

Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Lease payments	$ 118	$ 309	$ 354	$ 930
Beneficial owners percentage	5.00%		5.00%
Ownership interest percentage	5.00%		5.00%

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (19,337,023)	$ (10,866,209)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,730,660	2,270,621
Amortization of right-of-use assets	70,221	97,733
Stock-based compensation expense	1,886,841	2,045,664
Gain on sale of equipment	(16,715)	(15,793)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	96,172	(10,362,614)
Professional fees settled with equity instruments	143,530
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	5,556,577	(4,931,330)
Prepaid expenses	888,251	1,227,009
Operating lease right-of-use assets	394,862	(75,276)
Accounts payable	(2,595,947)	1,025,751
Due to related party		(2,367)
Deferred grant income	1,627,421	(100,000)
Accrued expense and other current liabilities	(3,117,538)	(2,217,676)
Net cash used in operating activities	(11,672,688)	(21,904,487)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from the sale of equipment	44,450	76,390
Purchases of equipment	(129,290)	(2,048,660)
Net cash used in investing activities	(84,840)	(1,972,270)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of notes payable	(772,665)	(1,771,746)
Payments related to the Forward Share Purchase Agreement		(5,521,246)
Principal payments on finance leases	(95,541)	(120,053)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	4,320	76,972
Net cash used in financing activities	(863,886)	(7,336,073)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(12,621,414)	(31,212,830)
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of year	15,046,894	39,545,018
End of period	2,425,480	8,332,188
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	179,222	$ 143,259
Supplemental information on non-cash investing and finance activities:
Settlement of accrued liabilities through the issuance of common stock	$ 1,500,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Emerging growth company status

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies

including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed financial statements include the results of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SAB Sciences, Inc., SAB Capra, LLC, Aurochs, LLC, and SAB Australia. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Significant risks and uncertainties

The Company’s operations are subject to a number of factors that can affect its operating results and financial condition. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the results of research and development efforts, clinical trial activities of the Company’s product candidates, the Company’s ability to obtain regulatory approval to market its product candidates, competition from products manufactured and sold or being developed by other companies, and the Company’s ability to raise capital.

The Company currently has no commercially approved products and there can be no assurance that the Company’s research and development will be successfully commercialized. Developing and commercializing a product requires significant time and capital and is subject to regulatory review and approval as well as competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. The Company operates in an environment of rapid change and is dependent upon the continued services of its employees and obtaining and protecting intellectual property. Additional funding may be needed to cover operational costs as the Company moves forward with the Company’s efforts to develop a commercially approved product.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements. The Company has used significant estimates in its determination of stock-based compensation assumptions, determination of the fair value of the Company’s common stock prior to becoming a public company, determination of the fair value of the Company’s warrants, determination of the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) used in the calculation of the Company’s right of use assets and lease liabilities, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, and research and development expenses related to clinical trial accruals. Actual amounts realized may differ from these estimates.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy classifies the inputs to valuation techniques that would be used to measure fair value into one of three levels:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

Certain of the Company’s financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are recorded at amounts that approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of their maturities, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses.

The Company accounts for warrants to purchase its common stock pursuant to ASC Topic 470, Debt, and ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and classifies warrants for common stock as liabilities or equity. The warrants classified as liabilities are reported at their estimated fair value (see Note 12, Fair Value Measurements) and any changes in fair value are reflected in other income and expense. The warrants classified as equity are reported at their estimated relative fair value with no subsequent remeasurement. The Company’s outstanding warrants are discussed in more detail in Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid instruments, consisting of money market accounts and short-term investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of 90 days or less.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses that are expected to be incurred, based on management’s assessment of the collectability of specific accounts, the aging of the accounts receivable, historical information and other currently available evidence. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. To date, no receivables have been written off. The Company had no allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Concentration of credit risk

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances in the form of business checking accounts and money market accounts, the balances of which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Although the Company currently believes that the financial institutions with whom it does business will be able to fulfill their commitments to the Company, there is no assurance that those institutions will be able to continue to do so. The Company has not experienced any credit losses associated with its balances in such accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets

The Company is party to certain contractual arrangements for equipment, lab space, and an animal facility, which meet the definition of leases under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). In accordance with ASC 842, the Company recorded right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities for the present value of the lease payments over the lease terms. The Company’s IBR was used in the calculation of its right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The Company elected not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases, which are deemed to be leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Instead, the Company recognized lease payments in the Condensed Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable payments in the period in which the obligation for these payments was incurred. The Company elected this policy for all classes of underlying assets.

Research and development expenses

Costs incurred in connection with research and development activities are expensed as incurred. These include licensing fees to use certain technology in the Company’s research and development projects, fees paid to consultants and various entities that perform certain research and testing on behalf of the Company, and expenses related to animal care, research-use equipment depreciation, salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation granted to employees in research and development functions.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had contracts with multiple contract research organizations (“CRO”) to complete studies as part of research grant agreements. These costs include upfront, milestone and monthly expenses as well as reimbursement for pass through costs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred except when the Company is accounting for nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be used in future research and development activities. In these cases, these payments are capitalized at the time of payment and expensed in the period the research and development activity is performed. As actual costs become known, the Company will adjust the accrual; such changes in estimate may be a material change in the Company’s clinical study accrual, which could also materially affect reported results of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no material adjustments to the Company’s prior period estimates of accrued expenses for clinical trials.

Property, Plant and Equipment

The Company records property, plant, and equipment at cost less depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using straight-line methods over the following estimated useful lives:


Animal facility equipment	7 years
Laboratory equipment	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of asset life or lease term
Office furniture and equipment	5 years
Vehicles	5 years

Repairs and maintenance expenses are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company reviews the recoverability of long-lived assets, including the related useful lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. If necessary, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset’s carrying value to determine whether there has been an impairment. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset is written down to fair value, which is based either on discounted cash flows or appraised values in the period the impairment becomes known. The Company believes that long-lived assets are recoverable, and no impairment was deemed necessary, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Stock-based compensation

FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation– Stock Compensation, prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all share-based payment transactions in which employee and non-employee services are acquired. The Company recognizes compensation cost relating to stock-based payment transactions using a fair-value measurement method, which requires all stock-based payments to employees, directors, and non-employee consultants, including grants of stock options, to be recognized in operating results as compensation expense based on fair value over the requisite service period of the awards. The Company determines the fair value of common stock based on the closing market price at closing on the date of the grant.

In determining the fair value of stock-based awards, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which uses both historical and current market data to estimate fair value. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model incorporates various assumptions, such as the value of the underlying common stock, the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield, and expected life of the options. For awards with performance-based vesting criteria, the Company estimates the probability of achievement of the performance criteria and recognizes compensation expense related to those awards expected to vest. No awards may have a term in excess of ten years. Forfeitures are recorded when they occur. Stock-based compensation expense is classified in the condensed statements of operations based on the function to which the related services are provided. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the vesting period.

Income taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax and financial reporting basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured using enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods when the temporary differences will affect taxable income. When necessary, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance, to reflect realizable value, and all deferred tax balances are reported as long-term on the condensed balance sheet. Accruals are maintained for uncertain tax positions, as necessary.

Income tax expense includes the current tax liability from operations and the change in deferred income taxes during the year. Current tax liabilities or receivables are recognized for estimated income tax payable and/or refundable for the current year.

The Company uses a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. The Company has elected to treat interest and penalties related to income taxes, to the extent they arise, as a component of income taxes.

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue is primarily generated through grants from government and other (non-government) organizations.

Grant revenue is recognized during the period that the research and development services occur, as qualifying expenses are incurred, or conditions of the grants are met. The Company concluded that payments received under these grants represent conditional, nonreciprocal contributions, as described in ASC 958, Not-for-Profit Entities, and that the grants are not within the scope of ASC 606,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as the organizations providing the grants do not meet the definition of a customer. Expenses for grants are tracked by using a project code specific to the grant, and the employees also track hours worked by using the project code.

Deferred grant income represents grant proceeds received by the Company prior to the period in which the research and development services occur, as qualifying expenses are incurred, or conditions of the grants are met.

The Company received 100% of its total revenue through grants from government organizations during three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Comprehensive income (loss)

The Company had no items of comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other than its net loss.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings, investigations and claims generally incidental to its normal business activities. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company accrues for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Earnings per share

In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share (“ASC 260”), basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding for the period including potential dilutive common shares such as stock options.

Segment reporting

In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the Company’s business activities are organized into one reportable segment, as only the Company’s operating results in their entirety are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated and to assess performance.

Australian Research and Development Tax Credit

The Company recognizes other income from Australian research and development incentives when there is reasonable assurance that the income will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred, and the consideration can be reliably measured. The research and development incentive is one of the key elements of the Australian Government’s support for Australia’s innovation system and is supported by legislative law primarily in the form of the Australian Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, as long as eligibility criteria are met. Under the program, a percentage of eligible research and development expenses incurred by the Company through its subsidiary in Australia are reimbursed.

Management has assessed the Company’s research and development activities and expenditures to determine which activities and expenditures are likely to be eligible under the research and development incentive regime described above. At each period end, management estimates the refundable tax offset available to the Company based on available information at the time and it is included in other income in the condensed statements of operations.

Leases - Schedule of Undiscounted Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Lease
Operating Lease 2023 - remaining	$ 174,721
Operating Lease 2024	368,320
Operating lease Undiscounted future minimum lease payments	543,041
Less:Operating Lease Amount representing interest payments	(14,263)
Total Operating lease liabilities	528,778
Less current portion of Operating Lease	(528,778)	$ (490,794)
Noncurrent Operating lease liabilities	0	361,225
Finance Lease
Finance Lease 2023 - remaining	100,374
Finance Lease 2024	401,496
Finance Lease 2025	401,496
Finance Lease 2026	401,496
Finance Lease 2027	401,496
Finance Leases Thereafter	4,382,998
Finance lease Undiscounted future minimum lease payments	6,089,356
Less: Finance lease Amount representing interest payments	(2,507,425)
Total finance lease liabilities	3,581,931
Less current portion of finance Lease	(129,489)	(132,788)
Noncurrent finance lease liabilities	$ 3,452,442	$ 3,629,642

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in preparation of the accompanying condensed financial statements is set forth below.

Basis of presentation

Emerging growth company status

Principles of consolidation

Significant risks and uncertainties

Use of estimates

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid instruments, consisting of money market accounts and short-term investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of 90 days or less.

Accounts receivable

Concentration of credit risk

Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets

Research and development expenses

Property, Plant and Equipment

The Company records property, plant, and equipment at cost less depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using straight-line methods over the following estimated useful lives:


Animal facility equipment	7 years
Laboratory equipment	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of asset life or lease term
Office furniture and equipment	5 years
Vehicles	5 years

Repairs and maintenance expenses are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Stock-based compensation

Income taxes

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue is primarily generated through grants from government and other (non-government) organizations.

The Company received 100% of its total revenue through grants from government organizations during three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Comprehensive income (loss)

The Company had no items of comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, other than its net loss.

Litigation

Earnings per share

Segment reporting

Australian Research and Development Tax Credit

Revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 01, 2019	Aug. 01, 2019	Apr. 01, 2019	Aug. 01, 2017
Governmental Grants [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contract with customer, including assessed tax	$ 1,300,000	$ 3,600,000	$ 1,900,000	$ 21,700,000
National Institute of Health [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contract with customer, including assessed tax	0	0	0	30,000
Deferred revenue, total						$ 1,400,000
Federal Award [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contract with customer, including assessed tax	0	150,000	192,000	281,000
Deferred revenue, total								$ 1,500,000
Geneva Foundation [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contract with customer, including assessed tax	0	39,000	273,000	88,000
Deferred revenue, total									$ 2,700,000
Advanced Technology International [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contract with customer, including assessed tax	$ 1,300,000	$ 3,400,000	$ 1,500,000	$ 21,300,000
Deferred revenue, total					$ 203,600,000		$ 25,000,000
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Percentage	9.00%		9.00%

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4

+ Details

Property, plant and equipment - Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 29,611,117	$ 29,529,375
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(8,989,368)	(6,278,522)
Property, plant and equipment, net	20,621,749	23,250,853
Laboratory Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	9,979,077	9,000,114
Animal Facility Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	8,357,667	8,357,667
Animal Facility Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,137,666	1,141,213
Construction-in-Progress [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	0	308,317
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	9,296,344	9,296,343
Vehicles [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	208,453	192,683
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 631,910	$ 1,233,038

Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

(10) Stockholder’s Equity

Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock

The total number of shares of the Company’s authorized capital stock is 500,000,000. The total amount of authorized capital stock consists of 490,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of September 30, 2023, no shares of preferred stock are issued or outstanding.

Earnout Shares

On October 22, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the business combination contemplated by the agreement and plan of merger, dated as of June 21, 2021, as amended on August 12, 2021, made by and among Big Cypress Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“BCYP”), Big Cypress Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), the Company, and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, solely in its capacity as the representative, agent and attorney-in-fact of the SAB Stockholders (the “Business Combination”). Upon closing of the Business Combination, Merger Sub merged with SAB Biotherapeutics, with SAB Biotherapeutics as the surviving company of the merger. Upon closing of the Business Combination, BCYP changed its name to “SAB Biotherapeutics, Inc.”.

Additionally, the Business Combination Agreement included an earnout provision whereby the shareholders of SAB Biotherapeutics shall be entitled to receive additional consideration (“Earnout Shares”) if the Company meets certain Volume Weighted Average Price (“VWAP") thresholds, or a change in control with a per share price exceeding the VWAP thresholds within a five-year period immediately following the Closing.

The Earnout Shares shall be released in four equal increments as follows:

(i)

25% of the Earnout Shares shall be released if, at any time during the five (5)-year period immediately following the Closing Date, the VWAP of the Company’s publicly traded common stock is greater than or equal to $15.00 for any twenty (20) trading days within a period of thirty (30) consecutive trading days (the “First Earnout”).

(ii)

25% of the Earnout Shares shall be released if, at any time during the five (5)-year period immediately following the Closing Date, the VWAP of the Company’s publicly traded common stock is greater than or equal to $20.00 for any twenty (20) trading days within a period of thirty (30) consecutive trading days (the “Second Earnout”).

(iii)

25% of the Earnout Shares shall be released if, at any time during the five (5)-year period immediately following the Closing Date, the VWAP of the Company’s publicly traded common stock is greater than or equal to $25.00 for any twenty (20) trading days within a period of thirty (30) consecutive trading days (the “Third Earnout”).

(iv)

25% of the Earnout Shares shall be released if, at any time during the five (5)-year period immediately following the Closing Date, the VWAP of the Company’s publicly traded common stock is greater than or equal to $30.00 for any twenty (20) trading days within a period of thirty (30) consecutive trading days (the “Fourth Earnout” and together with the First Earnout, the Second Earnout and the Third Earnout, the “Earnouts”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, SAB Biotherapeutics’ securityholders (including vested option holders) who own SAB Biotherapeutics securities immediately prior to the Closing Date will have the contingent right to receive their pro rata portion of (i) an aggregate of 12,000,000 shares of common stock (“Earnout Shares”), of which 1,508,063 are contingently issuable based upon future satisfaction of the aforementioned VWAP thresholds. The remaining 10,491,937 are legally issued and outstanding, if the Company does not meet the above VWAP thresholds, or a change in control with a per share price below the VWAP thresholds occurs within a five-year period immediately following the Closing Date, the shares will be returned to the Company.

The Earnout Shares are indexed to the Company’s equity and meet the criteria for equity classification. On the Closing Date, the fair value of the 12,000,000 Earnout Shares was $101.3 million. The Company recorded the Earnout Shares as a stock dividend by reducing additional paid-in capital, which was offset by the increase in additional paid-in capital associated with the Business Combination.

Warrants

For information pertaining to the Company’s outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, see Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 505
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-6

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-6

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 505
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//505/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 16
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-16

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

+ Details

Stock Option Plans - Summary of Assumptions Used to Calculate Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	97.40%
Expected volatility, minimum		80.20%	78.00%
Expected volatility, maximum		81.90%	97.40%
Weighted-average volatility	97.40%	81.70%	94.10%
Risk-free rate, minimum	3.55%	3.50%	1.38%
Risk-free rate, maximum	3.56%	3.90%	3.56%
Minimum [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	5 years 9 months 7 days	5 years 9 months 7 days	5 years 6 months
Maximum [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 years 29 days	6 years 29 days	6 years 29 days

Leases - Schedule of Operating and Finance Leases Discount Rate (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining operating lease term	10 months 6 days
Weighted-average remaining finance lease term	15 years 2 months 1 day
Weighted-average operating lease discount rate	6.77%
Weighted-average finance discount rate	7.72%

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Estimated Useful Lives of Finance Lease Assets


Animal Facility	40 years
Equipment	3–7 years
Land	Indefinite

Schedule of Operating and Finance Leases Discount Rate

The Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2023 are:


	Operating			Finance
Weighted-average remaining lease term	0.85			15.17
Weighted-average discount rate		6.77	%		7.72	%

Schedule of Undiscounted Future Minimum Lease Payments


	Operating			Finance
2023 - remaining	$	174,721		$	100,374
2024		368,320			401,496
2025		—			401,496
2026		—			401,496
2027		—			401,496
Thereafter		—			4,382,998
Undiscounted future minimum lease payments		543,041			6,089,356
Less: Amount representing interest payments		(14,263	)		(2,507,425	)
Total lease liabilities		528,778			3,581,931
Less current portion		(528,778	)		(129,489	)
Noncurrent lease liabilities	$	—		$	3,452,442

Condensed Statements of Changes In Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 38,549,913	$ 4,349	$ 67,674,515		$ (29,128,951)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		43,487,279
Issuance of common for exercise of stock options	7,830	$ 1	7,829
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options (in shares)		14,500
Forward Share Purchase Agreement, final settlement	817,060		817,060
Repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Forward Share Purchase Agreement			5,521,246	$ (5,521,246)
Repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Forward Share Purchase Agreement (in shares)				(546,658)
Stock-based compensation	897,600		897,600
Net income (loss)	985,863				985,863
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	41,258,266	$ 4,350	74,918,250	$ (5,521,246)	(28,143,088)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		43,501,779		(546,658)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	38,549,913	$ 4,349	67,674,515		(29,128,951)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		43,487,279
Net income (loss)	(10,866,209)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	30,623,407	$ 4,358	76,135,447	$ (5,521,246)	(39,995,152)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		43,577,543		(546,658)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	41,258,266	$ 4,350	74,918,250	$ (5,521,246)	(28,143,088)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		43,501,779		(546,658)
Issuance of common for exercise of stock options	69,141	$ 8	69,133
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options (in shares)		75,764
Stock-based compensation	569,861		569,861
Net income (loss)	(4,775,996)				(4,775,996)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	37,121,272	$ 4,358	75,557,244	$ (5,521,246)	(32,919,084)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		43,577,543		(546,658)
Stock-based compensation	578,203		578,203
Net income (loss)	(7,076,068)				(7,076,068)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	30,623,407	$ 4,358	76,135,447	$ (5,521,246)	(39,995,152)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		43,577,543		(546,658)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	31,058,142	$ 5,094	84,444,049	$ (5,521,246)	(47,869,755)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		50,940,920		(546,658)
Issuance of common for exercise of stock options	1,890		1,890
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options (in shares)		3,500
Professional fees settled with warrants	93,530		93,530
Stock-based compensation	602,780		602,780
Net income (loss)	(7,353,820)				(7,353,820)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	24,402,522	$ 5,094	85,142,249	$ (5,521,246)	(55,223,575)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		50,944,420		(546,658)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	31,058,142	$ 5,094	84,444,049	$ (5,521,246)	(47,869,755)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		50,940,920		(546,658)
Net income (loss)	(19,337,023)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	15,255,810	$ 5,286	87,978,548	$ (5,521,246)	(67,206,778)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		52,865,814		(546,658)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	24,402,522	$ 5,094	85,142,249	$ (5,521,246)	(55,223,575)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		50,944,420		(546,658)
Issuance of common stock for settlement of accrued liabilities	1,550,000	$ 192	1,549,808
Issuance of common stock for settlement of accrued liabilities (in shares)		1,916,894
Stock-based compensation	644,815		644,815
Net income (loss)	(6,880,886)				(6,880,886)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	19,716,451	$ 5,286	87,336,872	$ (5,521,246)	(62,104,461)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		52,861,314		(546,658)
Issuance of common for exercise of stock options	2,430		2,430
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options (in shares)		4,500
Stock-based compensation	639,246		639,246
Net income (loss)	(5,102,317)				(5,102,317)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 15,255,810	$ 5,286	$ 87,978,548	$ (5,521,246)	$ (67,206,778)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		52,865,814		(546,658)

Notes Payable - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 01, 2022
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Insurance policy premiums financed, value	$ 1,200
Insurance policy premiums financed, interest rate	5.47%
Insurance financing note payable	$ 0	$ 773
October Note [Member] \| Sanford Health [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate			8.00%
Debt instrument, principal amount			$ 542
Debt instrument, conversion price per share			$ 1.5
Interest payable	$ 43

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,425,480	$ 15,046,894
Accounts receivable, net	0	5,556,577
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	702,231	1,493,982
Total current assets	3,127,711	22,097,453
Long-term prepaid insurance	371,191	467,694
Operating lease right-of-use assets	493,473	1,192,054
Financing lease right-of-use assets	3,722,173	3,896,873
Property, plant and equipment, net	20,621,749	23,250,853
Total assets	28,336,297	50,904,927
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	1,083,169	3,679,116
Notes payable	541,644	772,665
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	528,778	490,794
Finance lease liabilities, current portion	129,489	132,788
Deferred grant income	1,627,421	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5,300,442	9,917,981
Total current liabilities	9,210,943	14,993,344
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	0	361,225
Finance lease liabilities, noncurrent	3,452,442	3,629,642
Warrant liabilities	417,102	320,930
Notes payable, noncurrent		541,644
Total liabilities	13,080,487	19,846,785
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders equity
Preferred stock; $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
Common stock; $0.0001 par value; 490,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 52,865,814 and 50,940,920 shares issued, respectively, and 52,319,156 and 50,394,262 outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	5,286	5,094
Treasury stock, at cost; 546,658 shares held at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	(5,521,246)	(5,521,246)
Additional paid-in capital	87,978,548	84,444,049
Accumulated deficit	(67,206,778)	(47,869,755)
Total stockholders' equity	15,255,810	31,058,142
Total liabilities and stockholders equity	$ 28,336,297	$ 50,904,927

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment useful life	3 years
Animal Facility Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment useful life	7 years
Laboratory Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment useful life	7 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment description	Shorter of asset life or lease term
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment useful life	5 years
Vehicles [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment useful life	5 years

Stock Option Plans - Summary of Assumptions Used to Calculate Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options (Parenthetical) (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Number of stock options granted	0	2,911,750

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	$ 20,860	$ 8,344	$ 10,430
Changes in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability	(6,258)	12,516	(2,086)
Balance	$ 14,602	$ 20,860	$ 8,344

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued vacation	$ 694,236	$ 511,849
Accrued payroll	172,371	357,390
Accrued construction-in-progress	0	85,767
Accrued consulting	15,930	186,833
Accrued clinical trial expense	117,918	355,479
Accrued outside laboratory services	279,857	1,106,903
Accrued bonus & severance	0	950,324
Accrued contract manufacturing	0	25,129
Accrued legal	803,255	856,505
Accrued financing fees payable	2,910,500	4,910,500
Accrued franchise tax payable	30,000	50,000
Accrued interest	66,375	8,192
Other accrued expenses	210,000	513,110
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, current	$ 5,300,442	$ 9,917,981

New Accounting Standards

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

New Accounting Standards

New Accounting Standards

(3) New accounting standards

Recently-adopted standards

In July 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires the measurement of all expected credit losses of financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company

adopted ASU 2016-13 at January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material impact on its condensed financial statements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. Includes, but is not limited to, nature, reason, and method of adopting amendment to accounting standards or other change in accounting principle.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 65
-Paragraph 2
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 5
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480530/250-10-S99-5

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480530/250-10-S99-6

Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481925/310-20-65-2

+ Details

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 22, 2021
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Capital units, authorized (in shares)	500,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	490,000,000	490,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Earnout shares at fair value	12,000,000
Earnout value at fair value	$ 101.3
Common Stock [Member] \| Big Cypress Acquisition Corp [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Contingent right to receive pro rate portion of earn out shares			12,000,000
Earn out shares, contingently issuable			1,508,063
Contingent right earn out shares, outstanding			10,491,937
First Earnout [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Period to issue earn out shares (year)	5 years
Volume weighted average price threshold (in dollars per share)	$ 15
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold trading days (day)	20 years
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold consecutive trading days (day)	30 years
Second Earnouts [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Period to issue earn out shares (year)	5 years
Volume weighted average price threshold (in dollars per share)	$ 20
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold trading days (day)	20 years
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold consecutive trading days (day)	30 years
Third Earnouts [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Period to issue earn out shares (year)	5 years
Volume weighted average price threshold (in dollars per share)	$ 25
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold trading days (day)	20 years
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold consecutive trading days (day)	30 years
Fourth Earnouts [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Period to issue earn out shares (year)	5 years
Volume weighted average price threshold (in dollars per share)	$ 30
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold trading days (day)	20 years
Shareholders equity volume weighted average price threshold consecutive trading days (day)	30 days

Property, plant and equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, plant and equipment

(6) Property, plant and equipment

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s property, plant and equipment was as follows:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Laboratory equipment	$	9,979,077		$	9,000,114
Animal facility leasehold improvements		8,357,667			8,357,667
Animal facility equipment		1,137,666			1,141,213
Construction-in-progress		—			308,317
Leasehold improvements		9,296,344			9,296,343
Vehicles		208,453			192,683
Office furniture and equipment		631,910			1,233,038
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross		29,611,117			29,529,375
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(8,989,368	)		(6,278,522	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	20,621,749		$	23,250,853

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.96 million and $0.89 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $2.73 million and $2.27 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

All tangible personal property with a useful life of at least three years and a unit acquisition cost of $5 thousand or more will be capitalized and depreciated over its useful life using the straight-line method of depreciation. The Company will expense the full acquisition cost of tangible personal property below these thresholds in the year of purchase. The basis of accounting for depreciable fixed assets is acquisition cost and any additional expenditures required to make the asset ready for use. The carrying amount at the balance sheet date of long-lived assets under construction-in-progress includes assets purchased, constructed, or being developed internally that are not yet in service. Depreciation commences when the assets are placed in service.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s construction-in-progress was as follows:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
New office space at Headquarters	$	—	$	85,767
IT equipment at Headquarters		—		84,739
Software		—		137,811
Total construction-in-progress	$	—	$	308,317

Stock Option Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Options

Stock option activity for employees and non-employees under the Equity Compensation Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding options, December 31, 2022		7,095,462		$	1.99		5.79	$	109,891
Granted		2,911,750		$	0.57
Forfeited		(40,409	)	$	1.99
Exercised		(8,000	)	$	0.54
Expired		(137,574	)	$	2.06
Outstanding options, September 30, 2023		9,821,229		$	1.57		6.41	$	437,894
Options vested and exercisable, September 30, 2023		5,049,015		$	1.97		3.75	$	193,470

Summary of Assumptions Used to Calculate Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022			2023			2022
Expected volatility	*	97.4		%	80.2 - 81.9		%	78.0 - 97.4		%
Weighted-average volatility	*		97.4	%		81.7	%		94.1	%
Expected dividends	*	—		%	—		%	—		%
Expected term (in years)	*	5.77 - 6.08			5.77 - 6.08			5.50 - 6.08
Risk-free rate	*	3.55 - 3.56		%	3.50 - 3.90		%	1.38 - 3.56		%

* No options were granted during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Summary of Restricted Stock

Stock award activity for employees and non-employees under the Equity Compensation Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Number of shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2022		350,000		$	1.72
Granted		318,875		$	0.54
Vested		(106,250	)	$	1.72
Unvested as of September 30, 2023		562,625		$	1.04

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	155,596	$	165,607	$	469,821	$	683,646
General and administrative		483,650		412,596		1,417,020		1,362,018
Total	$	639,246	$	578,203	$	1,886,841	$	2,045,664

Property, plant and equipment - Schedule of Construction-in-Progress (Details) - Construction-in-Progress [Member] - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total construction-in-progress	$ 0	$ 308,317
New Office Space at Headquarters [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total construction-in-progress	0	85,767
IT Equipment at Headquarters [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total construction-in-progress	0	84,739
Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total construction-in-progress	$ 0	$ 137,811

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

(12) Fair Value Measurements

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

The following tables present information about the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:


	As of September 30, 2023
	Total		Quoted Prices In Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities:
Public Warrant liability	$	402,500	$	402,500	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrant liability		14,602		—		—		14,602
Total	$	417,102	$	402,500	$	—	$	14,602


	As of December 31, 2022
	Total		Quoted Prices In Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities:
Public Warrant liability	$	310,500	$	310,500	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrant liability	$	10,430		—		—		10,430
Total	$	320,930	$	310,500	$	—	$	10,430

Public Warrants

Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed herein. The Public Warrants became exercisable 30 days after Closing Date and will expire five years after the Closing Date, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may call the warrants for redemption:

•

in whole and not in part;

•

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

•

upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption (the “30-day redemption period”) to each warrant holder; and

•

if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the warrants for redemption as described above, the management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise its warrant to do so on a “cashless basis.” If the management takes advantage of this option, all holders of warrants would pay the exercise price by surrendering their warrants for that number of shares of common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” (defined below) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of the common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants.

As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 5,750,000 Public Warrants classified as liabilities were outstanding.

Private Placement Warrants

The private placement warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) held by assignees of Big Cypress Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which acted as the Company’s sponsor in connection with the IPO, and the common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants were not transferable, assignable or saleable until after the completion of the Company’s Business Combination. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 208,600 Private Placement Warrants classified as liabilities were outstanding.

PIPE Warrants and PIPE Placement Agent Warrants

In December 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors for the sale by the Company of 7,363,377 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 7,363,377 shares of common stock (the “PIPE Warrants”), and in a private placement offering. The combined purchase price per share and accompanying PIPE Warrant was $1.08 (the “December Private Placement”). Three directors of the Company participated in the December Private Placement, each paying a $0.125 premium per share and accompanying PIPE Warrant. The PIPE Warrants, including those purchased by the participating directors of the Company are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance at an exercise price equal to $1.08 per Share, and are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $8.0 million before deducting transaction related fees and expenses. The Company paid Brookline Capital Markets, the placement agent, a cash fee equal to seven percent of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the December Private Placement. The

Company also issued Brookline Capital Markets a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 210,913 shares of common stock (the “PIPE Placement Agent Warrants”), equal to 7% of the number of shares purchased by investors introduced to the Company by Brookline Capital Markets. The PIPE Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $1.35 per share and are exercisable six months from the date of issuance and expires five years from the date of issuance.

As of September 30, 2023, 7,363,377 PIPE Warrants and 210,913 PIPE Placement Agent Warrants classified as equity were outstanding.

2023 Ladenburg Agreement Warrants

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (“Ladenburg”), effective March 23, 2023 (the “2023 Ladenburg Agreement”, and the action brought by Ladenburg, the “Ladenburg Action”). In connection with the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement, on March 24, 2023, the Company (i) issued to Ladenburg a warrant (the “Ladenburg Warrants”) to purchase up to 300,000 shares of common stock, exercisable for three years from the date of issuance at $0.5424 per share; and (ii) furnished to Ladenburg a one-time cash payment of $500 thousand. Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement, the Company will (i) no later than June 30, 2023, pay $1.5 million to Ladenburg in cash or shares of common stock, at the Company’s option; and (ii) no later than December 31, 2023, pay $1.1 million to Ladenburg in cash or shares of common stock, at the Company’s option. Following the completion of the Company’s obligations under the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement, Ladenburg has agreed to dismiss the Ladenburg Action with prejudice and extinguish any and all obligations of the Company in connection therewith. All consideration contemplated by the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement are contained within accrued expenses and other current liabilities within the Company’s condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. On June 30, 2023, in accord with the terms of the agreement, the Company issued 1,916,894 shares of common stock to satisfy a portion of its obligations under the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement. As of September 30, 2023, there is $1.1 million of consideration remaining under the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement contained within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Company's condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, 300,000 Ladenburg Warrants classified as equity were outstanding.

Presentation and Valuation of the Warrants

Liability Classified Warrants

The Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity and were presented within warrant liabilities on the condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The initial fair value of the warrant liabilities were measured at fair value at the Closing Date, and changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities were presented within changes in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

On the Closing Date, the Company established the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants utilizing both the Black-Scholes Merton formula and a Monte Carlo Simulation (“MCS”) analysis. Specifically, the Company considered an MCS to derive the implied volatility in the publicly-listed price of the Public Warrants. The Company then considered this implied volatility in selecting the volatility for the application of a Black-Scholes Merton model for the Private Placement Warrants. The Company determined the fair value of the Public Warrants by reference to the quoted market price.

The Public Warrants were classified as a Level 1 fair value measurement, due to the use of the quoted market price, and the Private Placement Warrants held privately by assignees of Big Cypress Holdings LLC, were classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement, due to the use of unobservable inputs.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in Level 3 fair value measurements:


	September 30, 2023
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	10,430
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability		(2,086	)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	8,344
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability		12,516
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	20,860
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability	$	(6,258	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	14,602

The key inputs into the valuations as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Risk-free interest rate		4.79	%		4.00	%
Expected term remaining (years)		3.06			3.81
Implied volatility		97.0	%		82.0	%
Closing common stock price on the measurement date	$	0.63		$	0.59

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any other assets or liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and notes payable approximate their fair values due to their near-term maturities.

Equity Classified Warrants

The Company determined the Ladenburg Warrants, PIPE Warrants, and PIPE Placement Agent Warrants met all necessary criteria to be accounted for as equity in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. As such, they are presented within additional paid-in capital within Company’s condensed statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and condensed balance sheets.

Warrants classified as equity are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the warrants continue to be classified as equity.

The initial fair value of each PIPE Warrant and PIPE Placement Agent Warrant issued was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. All relevant terms and conditions for the PIPE Warrant and PIPE Placement Agent Warrant are identical with the exception of the exercise prices of $1.08 and $1.35, respectively.

The key inputs into the valuations as of the initial measurement date, December 7, 2022, were as follows:


	Initial Measurement
Risk-free interest rate		3.62	%
Expected term remaining (years)		5.00
Implied volatility		89.0	%
Closing common stock price on the measurement date, less discount for lack of marketability (1)	$	0.66

Upon initial measurement, the fair value of the PIPE Warrants and PIPE Placement Agent Warrants were determined to be $0.42 and $0.39 per warrant, respectively, for aggregate values of approximately $3.1 million and $82 thousand, respectively. In the Private Placement, the Company recognized the PIPE Warrants and PIPE Placement Agent Warrants on a relative fair value basis with approximately $2.2 million and $58 thousand being allocated to each as a component of additional paid-in capital within the Company’s condensed statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The initial fair value of each Ladenburg Warrant issued and exercisable at $0.5424 has been determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

The key inputs into the valuations as of the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement initial measurement date, March 21, 2023, were as follows:


	Initial Measurement
Risk-free interest rate		3.98	%
Expected term remaining (years)		3.00
Implied volatility		94.0	%
Closing common stock price on the measurement date	$	0.52

Upon initial measurement, the fair value of each Ladenburg Warrant was determined to be $0.31, per warrant for a value of approximately $93 thousand. The total fair value of the Ladenburg Warrants was recognized by the company as a non-cash expense and allocated to additional paid-in capital within the Company’s condensed statement of changes in stockholders’ equity and condensed balance sheet.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis


	As of September 30, 2023
	Total		Quoted Prices In Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities:
Public Warrant liability	$	402,500	$	402,500	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrant liability		14,602		—		—		14,602
Total	$	417,102	$	402,500	$	—	$	14,602


	As of December 31, 2022
	Total		Quoted Prices In Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities:
Public Warrant liability	$	310,500	$	310,500	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrant liability	$	10,430		—		—		10,430
Total	$	320,930	$	310,500	$	—	$	10,430

Summary of Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table provides a summary of the changes in Level 3 fair value measurements:


	September 30, 2023
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	10,430
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability		(2,086	)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	8,344
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability		12,516
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	20,860
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability	$	(6,258	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	14,602

Schedule of Key Inputs into Monte Carlo Simulation

The key inputs into the valuations as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Risk-free interest rate		4.79	%		4.00	%
Expected term remaining (years)		3.06			3.81
Implied volatility		97.0	%		82.0	%
Closing common stock price on the measurement date	$	0.63		$	0.59

The key inputs into the valuations as of the initial measurement date, December 7, 2022, were as follows:


	Initial Measurement
Risk-free interest rate		3.62	%
Expected term remaining (years)		5.00
Implied volatility		89.0	%
Closing common stock price on the measurement date, less discount for lack of marketability (1)	$	0.66

The key inputs into the valuations as of the 2023 Ladenburg Agreement initial measurement date, March 21, 2023, were as follows:


	Initial Measurement
Risk-free interest rate		3.98	%
Expected term remaining (years)		3.00
Implied volatility		94.0	%
Closing common stock price on the measurement date	$	0.52

Property, plant and equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Schedule of Property, plant and equipment

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s property, plant and equipment was as follows:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Laboratory equipment	$	9,979,077		$	9,000,114
Animal facility leasehold improvements		8,357,667			8,357,667
Animal facility equipment		1,137,666			1,141,213
Construction-in-progress		—			308,317
Leasehold improvements		9,296,344			9,296,343
Vehicles		208,453			192,683
Office furniture and equipment		631,910			1,233,038
Total Property, plant and equipment, gross		29,611,117			29,529,375
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(8,989,368	)		(6,278,522	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	20,621,749		$	23,250,853

Construction-in-Progress [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Schedule of Property, plant and equipment

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s construction-in-progress was as follows:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
New office space at Headquarters	$	—	$	85,767
IT equipment at Headquarters		—		84,739
Software		—		137,811
Total construction-in-progress	$	—	$	308,317

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Segment $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares
Product Information [Line Items]
Common stock par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit loss, writeoff			$ 0
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0		0		$ 0
Impairment of long lived assets	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Number of reporting segments \| Segment			1
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Government Organization Grants [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Revenue percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	490,000,000	490,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	52,865,814	50,940,920
Common stock, shares outstanding	52,319,156	50,394,262
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	546,658	546,658

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives

The Company records property, plant, and equipment at cost less depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using straight-line methods over the following estimated useful lives:


Animal facility equipment	7 years
Laboratory equipment	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of asset life or lease term
Office furniture and equipment	5 years
Vehicles	5 years

Reverse Recapitalization and Business Combination (Details Narrative) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Common stock par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
First Earnout [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Threshold VWAP trading days	20 years
Threshold VWAP consecutive trading days	30 years
Second Earnouts [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Threshold VWAP trading days	20 years
Threshold VWAP consecutive trading days	30 years
Third Earnouts [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Threshold VWAP trading days	20 years
Threshold VWAP consecutive trading days	30 years
Fourth Earnouts [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out shares to be released	25.00%
Threshold VWAP trading days	20 years
Threshold VWAP consecutive trading days	30 days

Employee Benefit Plan

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plan

(15) Employee Benefit Plan

The Company sponsors a defined contribution retirement plan. All the Company’s employees are eligible to be enrolled in the employer-sponsored contributory retirement savings plan, which include features under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and provides for Company matching contributions. The Company’s contributions to the plan are determined by its Board of Directors, subject to certain minimum requirements specified in the plan. The Company has historically made matching contributions of 100% on 3% of the employee contributions, with an additional 50% match on the next 2% of employee contributions. The Company made contributions of approximately $71 thousand and $91 thousand, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and approximately $211 thousand and $350 thousand, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Leases - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Additional Information (Details)	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) gal	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Period	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 01, 2022 a
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Finance lease payments				$ 100,000	$ 103,000	$ 306,000	$ 334,000
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Amortization				22,000	25,000	70,000	98,000
Operating Lease Payments				118,000	309,000	354,000	930,000
Finance lease interest expense				$ 70,000	71,000	$ 210,000	214,000
Dakota Ag Properties [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Finance lease payments			$ 33,500
Lessee finance lease interest rate			8.00%
Finance lease term			20 years
Lease payback construction cost			$ 4,000,000
Equipment [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Finance lease payments			$ 8,000
Finance lease propane tank volume \| gal			12,000
Finance lease term			5 years
Laboratory Space [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee Advanced Written Notice Period						1 year
Office, Laboratory, and Warehouse [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease number of option to extended additional period \| Period						3
Operating lease option to extended additional period						3 years
Operating Lease Cost Per Month	$ 3,000	$ 36,000
Operating lease liablity discount rate	6.60%	4.69%
Operating lease term				3 years		3 years
Sanford Health [Member] \| Convertible Debt [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								8.00%
Lease Agreement Member \| Sanford Health [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Area of property leased \| a								21,014
Operating lease payments per month						$ 45,000
Operating lease payments per month, year one						46,000
Operating lease liablity discount rate								6.92%
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease expense				$ 246,000	$ 304,000	$ 738,000	$ 889,000

Earnings per share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings per Share


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Calculation of basic and diluted loss per share attributable to the Company’s shareholders
Net loss attributable to the Company’s shareholders	$	(5,102,317	)	$	(7,076,068	)	$	(19,337,023	)	$	(10,866,209	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted		52,406,002			43,030,885			51,084,636			43,042,379
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.25	)

Summary of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share

The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Stock options and awards		704,231		1,004,845		652,111		2,181,361
Convertible Debt		389,904		—		389,904		—
Common Stock Warrants (1)		13,832,890		5,958,600		13,832,890		5,958,600
Earnout Shares (2)		10,491,937		10,491,937		10,491,937		10,491,937
Contingently issuable Earnout Shares from unexercised Rollover Options		1,508,063		1,508,063		1,508,063		1,508,063
Total		26,927,025		18,963,445		26,874,905		20,139,961

(1)

(2)

Notes Payable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Notes Payable

(9) Notes Payable

8% Unsecured Convertible Note

Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment to the Company’s lease with Sanford Health, the Company and Sanford Health agreed to a period of Abated Rent from October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023. In exchange for the Abated Rent, effective as of October 1, 2022, the Company issued to Sanford Health an 8% unsecured, convertible promissory note (the “8% Unsecured Convertible Note”).

Pursuant to the 8% Unsecured Convertible Note, the Company shall pay the sum of approximately $542 thousand (the “Principal”) plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon on September 30, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”). Simple interest shall accrue on the outstanding Principal from and after the date of the 8% Unsecured Convertible Note and shall be payable on the Maturity Date. Sanford Health shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert all or any part of the outstanding Principal of the 8% Unsecured Convertible Note, together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of such conversion, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s common stock, at any time and from time to time, prior to the later of the Maturity Date and the date on which the 8% Unsecured Convertible Note is paid in full, subject to certain restrictions, at a conversion price per share of common stock equal to greater of (x) $1.50 and (y) the price at which the Company sells shares of common stock in any bona fide private or public equity financing prior to the Maturity Date.

The Company evaluated the treatment of the 8% Unsecured Convertible Note under ASC 470 and determined the Principal in its entirety would be allocated to debt. The Company’s condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2023, includes accrued interest relating to the 8% Unsecured Convertible Note of approximately $43 thousand.

Insurance Financing

The Company obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums. The agreement assigns First Insurance Funding (“Lender”) a first priority lien on and security interest in the financed policies and any additional premium required in the financed policies including (a) all returned or unearned premiums, (b) all additional cash contributions or collateral amounts assessed by the insurance companies in relation to the financed policies and financed by Lender, (c) any credits generated by the financed policies, (d) dividend payments, and (e) loss payments which reduce unearned premiums. If any circumstances exist in which premiums related to any Financed Policy could become fully earned in the event of loss, Lender shall be named a loss-payee with respect to such policy.

The total premiums, taxes and fees financed is approximately $1.2 million with an annual interest rate of 5.47%. In consideration of the premium payment by Lender to the insurance companies or the Agent or Broker, the Company unconditionally promises to pay Lender the amount Financed plus interest and other charges permitted under the Agreement. The Company paid the insurance financing through installment payments with the last payment for the current note being September 22, 2023. The Company recognized no insurance financing note payable in its condensed financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and recognized approximately $773 thousand of insurance financing note payable in its condensed financial statements as of December 31, 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 470
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//470/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions

(14) Related Party Transactions

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, under the Related Party Transaction Policy the Company adopted in the fourth quarter of 2021, there were no related party transactions with beneficial owners of 5% or more of any class of the Company’s voting securities, immediate family members of any of the foregoing persons, and any entities in which any of the foregoing is an executive officer or is an owner of 5% or more ownership interest.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//850/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

+ Details

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax [Line Items]
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent	0.00%		0.20%
Valuation allowance, deferred tax asset, increase (decrease), amount		$ 4.1

Leases - Estimated Useful Lives of Finance Lease Assets (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the finance lease assets	3 years
Animal Facilty [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the finance lease assets	40 years
Equipment [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the finance lease assets	7 years
Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the finance lease assets	3 years
Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of the finance lease assets	7 years

Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

(4) Revenue

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue from the following grants:

Government grants

The total revenue for government grants was approximately $1.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $1.9 million and $21.7 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

National Institute of Health – National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (“NIH-NIAID”) (Federal Award #1R44AI117976-01A1) – this grant was for $1.4 million and the original term was started in September 2019 through August 2021. This grant was subsequently amended to extend the end date to August 2022. No grant income was recognized for this grant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. No grant income was recognized for this grant for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and approximately $30 thousand of grant income was recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This grant was completed in 2022.

NIH-NIAID (Federal Award #1R41AI131823-02) – this grant was for approximately $1.5 million and had an original term of April 2019 through March 2021. The grant was subsequently amended to extend the end date to March 2023. No grant income was recognized for this grant for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and approximately $192 thousand of grant income was recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and approximately $150 thousand and $281 thousand of grant income was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This grant was completed as of June 30, 2023.

NIH-NIAID through Geneva Foundation (Federal Award #1R01AI132313-01, Subaward #S-10511-01) – this grant was for approximately $2.7 million and had an original term of August 2017 through July 2021. The grant was subsequently amended to extend the end date to July 2023. No grant income was recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and approximately $273 thousand of grant income was recognized for nine months ended September 30, 2023, and approximately $39 thousand and $88 thousand of grant income was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This grant was completed as of June 30, 2023.

US Department of Defense (“DoD”), Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense Enabling Biotechnologies (“JPEO”) through Advanced Technology International – this grant was for a potential of $25 million, awarded in stages starting in August 2019 and with potential stages running through February 2023. Additional contract modifications were added to this contract in 2020 and 2021 for work on a COVID therapeutic, bringing the contract total to $203.6 million. Grant income recognized was approximately $1.3 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $3.4 million and $21.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This grant was terminated in 2022.

The grants for the JPEO Rapid Response contract are cost reimbursement agreements, with reimbursement of qualified direct research and development expense (labor and consumables) with an overhead charge (based on actual, reviewed quarterly) and a fixed fee (9%).

On August 3, 2022, the Company received notice from the DoD terminating the JPEO Rapid Response contract (the “JPEO Rapid Response Contract Termination”). The Company engaged in negotiations with the DoD to compensate the Company for services provided prior to the JPEO Rapid Response Contract Termination and costs the Company would be expected to bear in future periods. A termination and settlement proposal was submitted to the DoD on September 9, 2022; the Company submitted a final invoice on December 15, 2022; and received payment from the DoD on or about January 12, 2023. The terms of the arrangement provide for a cost-reimbursable structure, and state that the parties will work in good faith equitable reimbursement for work performed toward accomplishment of the tasks provided in the agreement. At this time, other than certain deferred obligations (presented within deferred grant income within the Company’s condensed unaudited balance sheet) potentially payable to the DoD solely due to subsequent negotiations with third-party vendors, the Company believes and has been advised there is a reasonable, good faith basis for the position that no present or future obligations exist. Revenue recognized subsequent to the JPEO Rapid Response Contract Termination relates to satisfaction of residual obligations under the termination and settlement agreement—see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information about the Company’s established revenue recognition process.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Earnings per share - Summary of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	26,927,025	18,963,445	26,874,905	20,139,961
Stock Options and Awards [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	704,231	1,004,845	652,111	2,181,361
Convertible Debt [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	389,904		389,904
Common Stock Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	13,832,890	5,958,600	13,832,890	5,958,600
Earnout Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	10,491,937	10,491,937	10,491,937	10,491,937
Contingently Issuable Earnout Shares from Unexercised Rollover Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	1,508,063	1,508,063	1,508,063	1,508,063

Stock Option Plans - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total	$ 639,246	$ 578,203	$ 1,886,841	$ 2,045,664
Research And Development [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total	155,596	165,607	469,821	683,646
General and Administrative [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total	$ 483,650	$ 412,596	$ 1,417,020	$ 1,362,018

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Quarterly Report	true
Securities Act File Number	001-39871
Entity Registrant Name	SAB BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001833214
Entity Tax Identification Number	85-3899721
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	2100 East 54th Street North
Entity Address, City or Town	Sioux Falls
Entity Address, State or Province	SD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	57104
City Area Code	605
Local Phone Number	679-6980
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		52,319,156
Common Stock [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, 0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	SABS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrants Each Exercisable for Common Stock [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Trading Symbol	SABSW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=sabs_WarrantsEachExercisableForOneShareOfCommonStockAtExercisePriceOf11.50PerShareMember
Namespace Prefix:
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Balance Type:
Period Type:

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued vacation	$	694,236	$	511,849
Accrued payroll		172,371		357,390
Accrued construction-in-progress		—		85,767
Accrued consulting		15,930		186,833
Accrued clinical trial expense		117,918		355,479
Accrued outside laboratory services		279,857		1,106,903
Accrued bonus & severance		—		950,324
Accrued contract manufacturing		—		25,129
Accrued legal		803,255		856,505
Accrued financing fees payable		2,910,500		4,910,500
Accrued franchise tax payable		30,000		50,000
Accrued interest		66,375		8,192
Other accrued expenses		210,000		513,110
	$	5,300,442	$	9,917,981

Earnings per share - Summary of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share (Parenthetical) (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	26,927,025	18,963,445	26,874,905	20,139,961
PIPE Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Warrants Issued	7,363,377		7,363,377		7,363,377
Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Warrants Issued	210,913		210,913		210,913
Warrant [Member] \| Public Warrants [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share			5,750,000
Warrant [Member] \| Private Placement Warrants [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share			208,600
Warrant [Member] \| Ladenburg Agreement [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share			300,000

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

(13) Income Taxes

The effective income tax rate for the third quarter of 2023 is 0.00%, compared with an effective tax rate of (0.20%) for the year ending December 31, 2022. The prior year tax rate reflects a tax provision on a pre-tax loss.

The Company continues to record a valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets. The valuation increased by approximately $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company has not recognized any reserves for uncertain tax positions.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 2
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

(17) Subsequent Events

On September 29, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “September 2023 Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (the “September 2023 Offering”), (i) 7,500 shares of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for an aggregate offering price of $7.5 million (the “Series A-1 Preferred Stock”), (ii) tranche A warrants (the “Preferred Tranche A Warrants”) to acquire shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock or Series A-3 Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for an aggregate exercise price of $70.5 million (the “Series A-3 Preferred Stock”), (iii) tranche B warrants to acquire shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for an aggregate exercise price of $52.0 million (the “Preferred Tranche B Warrants”), and (iv) tranche C warrants to purchase Series A-3 Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for an aggregate exercise price of $130.0 million (the “Preferred Tranche C Warrants” and together with the Preferred Tranche A Warrants, and Preferred Tranche B Warrants, the “Preferred Warrants” and the shares underlying the Preferred Warrants, the “Preferred Warrant Shares”).

On October 3, 2023, the Company closed on the issuance of the 7,500 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock. In connection with the issuance of the 7,500 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, gross proceeds were $7.5 million, before deducting fees to be paid to the placement agent and financial advisors of the Company and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the September 2023 Offering for working capital purposes and other general corporate purposes and to advance its SAB-142-101 clinical trial.

Pursuant to the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock, (the “Certificate of Designation”), each share of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, subject to the Stockholder Approval (as defined below), converts automatically into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company and/or, if applicable, shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Series A-2 Preferred Stock” and together with the Series A-1 Preferred Stock, the “Issued Preferred Stock”), in lieu of common stock.

Subject to the terms and limitations contained in the Certificate of Designation:

•

The Series A-1 Preferred Stock issued in the September 2023 Offering will not become convertible until the Company’s stockholders approve (i) the issuance of all common stock issuable upon conversion of the Issued Preferred Stock and the Preferred Warrant Shares, (ii) the issuance of the Preferred Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Preferred Warrants and (iii)

an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 490,000,000 to 800,000,000 (collectively, the “Stockholder Approval”).

•

On the first trading day following the announcement of the Stockholder Approval, each share of Series A-1 Preferred Stock will automatically convert into common stock, at the conversion price of $0.63 per share (the “Conversion Price”), provided that to the extent such conversion would cause a holder of Series A-1 Preferred Stock to exceed the applicable beneficial ownership limitation, such holder will receive shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock in lieu of common stock.

•

At the option of the holder, each share of Series A-2 Preferred Stock and Series A-3 Preferred Stock will be convertible into common stock, at the Conversion Price.

The Preferred Tranche A Warrants are exercisable commencing on the Issuance Date (as defined in the Form of Preferred Tranche A Warrant) until the earlier of (i) fifteen (15) trading days following the date of public announcement of the fulsome data set from the Sanofi S.A. Protect trial and (ii) December 15, 2023. If any purchaser in the September 2023 Offering fails to exercise their Preferred Tranche A Warrant in full prior to its expiration date, such purchaser will forfeit all Preferred Tranche A Warrants, Preferred Tranche B Warrants and Preferred Tranche C Warrants issued to such purchaser.

The Preferred Tranche B Warrants are exercisable commencing on the Exercisability Date (as defined in the Form of Preferred Tranche B Warrant) until the later of (i) 15 days following the Company’s announcement of data from its SAB-142-101 clinical trial and (ii) March 31, 2025.

The Preferred Tranche C Warrants are exercisable commencing on the Exercisability Date (as defined in the Form of Preferred Tranche C Warrant) until the five (5) year anniversary of the Exercisability Date.

Prior to the extended mandatory exercise time, certain investors informed the Company that they would not exercise their mandatorily exercisable Preferred Tranche A Warrants. Certain of the investors agreed to assume and exercise 16,269 of the 27,115 unexercised Preferred Tranche A Warrants and received 10,846 of the Preferred Tranche B Warrants and 27,115 of the Preferred Tranche C Warrants from the transferring Investors. The balance of the unexercised Preferred Tranche A Warrants and the remaining Tranche B Warrants and Tranche C Warrants issued to the Investors who failed to exercise their Tranche B Warrants were cancelled. Following these updates to the offering, the Company issued 59,654 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock for aggregate proceeds of approximately $59.65 million upon the exercise of the Tranche A Warrants. In addition, the Company now has outstanding 42,846 Tranche B Warrants to acquire shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock for an aggregate exercise price of approximately $42.85 million, and 107,115 Tranche C Warrants to purchase Series A-3 Preferred Stock for an aggregate exercise price of approximately $107.1 million.

Between October 2023 and November 2023, an aggregate of 59,654 Preferred Tranche A Warrants were exercised for an aggregate of 59,654 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock for an aggregate of approximately $59.7 million in proceeds.

Property, plant and equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 960,000	$ 890,000	$ 2,730,660	$ 2,270,621
Equipment useful life	3 years		3 years
Acquisition costs				$ 5,000

Stock Option Plans - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 3,600,000		$ 3,600,000
Estimated weighted average amortization period			3 years 1 month 20 days
Number of stock options granted	0		2,911,750
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted		$ 0.57	$ 0.41	$ 0.78
Number of stock options vested	619,104	108,611	924,715	314,380
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated weighted average amortization period			3 years 1 month 9 days
Unrecognized equity-based compensation	$ 551,650		$ 551,650
Number of shares vested	31,250		106,250
Fair Value of shares vested	$ 44,325		$ 186,075
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	7,334,036		7,334,036
Common stock available for grant	3,237,007		3,237,007
Number of stock options granted			4,097,029
Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	11,000,000		11,000,000
Common stock reserved for future issuance increased, percentage			2.00%
2021 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	12,877,631		12,877,631
Common stock available for grant	6,484,556		6,484,556
Number of stock options granted			6,393,075

Employee Benefit Plan (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match			100.00%
Defined contribution plan, maximum annual contributions per employee, percent			3.00%
Defined contribution plan, maximum annual contributions per employee, amount	$ 71	$ 91	$ 211	$ 350
Additional Employee Contributions [Member]
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match			50.00%
Defined contribution plan, maximum annual contributions per employee, percent			2.00%

Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 1,267,361	$ 3,589,708	$ 1,933,980	$ 21,743,309
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	Grant Revenue [Member]	Grant Revenue [Member]	Grant Revenue [Member]	Grant Revenue [Member]
Operating expenses
Research and development	$ 4,019,718	$ 7,352,978	$ 12,217,569	$ 29,300,405
General and administrative	2,570,565	4,044,046	8,917,960	13,500,512
Total operating expenses	6,590,283	11,397,024	21,135,529	42,800,917
Loss from operations	(5,322,922)	(7,807,316)	(19,201,549)	(21,057,608)
Changes in fair value of warrant liabilities	178,758	782,962	(96,172)	10,362,614
Interest expense	(69,700)	(70,626)	(237,405)	(213,885)
Interest income	14,364	17,385	100,920	41,143
Other income	97,183	1,527	97,183	1,527
Total other income (expense)	220,605	731,248	(135,474)	10,191,399
Loss before income taxes	(5,102,317)	(7,076,068)	(19,337,023)	(10,866,209)
Net loss	$ (5,102,317)	$ (7,076,068)	$ (19,337,023)	$ (10,866,209)
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic loss per common share	$ (0.1)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.38)	$ (0.25)
Diluted loss per common share	$ (0.1)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.38)	$ (0.25)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic	52,406,002	43,030,885	51,084,636	43,042,379
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted	52,406,002	43,030,885	51,084,636	43,042,379